Research Article

Fault Diagnosis of Batch Reactor Using Machine Learning Methods

Figure 13

Residual (in terms of ) due to actuator biasing at different intervals. (a) Residual (in terms of ) due to actuator biasing at the time interval (80 min). (b) Residual (in terms of ) due to actuator biasing at the time interval (80 min). (c) Residual (in terms of ) due to actuator biasing at the time interval (60 min). (d) Residual (in terms of ) due to actuator biasing at the time interval (90 min).
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)