Flow of the Bingham-Papanastasiou Regularized Material in a Channel in the Presence of Obstacles: Correlation between Hydrodynamic Forces and Spacing of Obstacles

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Refinement levels</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2"><span style="width: 45.3361ptpx;"><svg height="14.1101pt" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-5.4742pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 45.3361 14.1101" width="45.3361pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 297H417L411 270C517 261 522 258 506 183L487 92C476 38 428 19 360 19C207 19 123 132 123 287C123 472 243 631 441 631C557 631 617 583 617 469L647 472C650 545 655 604 658 632C625 643 554 666 467 666C201 666 23 502 23 278C23 90 156 -16 339 -16C410 -16 501 6 569 24C566 43 567 70 573 101L589 183C604 259 607 262 667 271L673 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.827,3.132)"><path d="M573 302C573 402 527 451 414 451C386 451 343 446 313 437L330 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451C386 451 343 446 313 437L330 513L320 522C295 508 261 484 243 463L230 415C194 400 159 383 126 359L131 330C159 344 187 357 222 368L109 -147C96 -204 80 -214 18 -223L13 -255L256 -244L259 -212L236 -210C184 -205 180 -195 191 -141L219 -1C240 -10 268 -12 284 -12C352 4 431 48 484 104C543 166 573 240 573 302ZM481 290C481 165 381 37 305 37C280 37 249 56 235 71L302 395C328 399 353 402 372 402C427 402 481 378 481 290Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.41,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.673,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.913,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.877,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center">#EL</td><td class="align_center">DOF</td><td class="align_center">#EL</td><td class="align_center">DOF</td><td class="align_center">#EL</td><td class="align_center">DOF</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1</td><td class="align_center">686</td><td class="align_center">1806</td><td class="align_center">686</td><td class="align_center">1806</td><td class="align_center">694</td><td class="align_center">1818</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">2</td><td class="align_center">1230</td><td class="align_center">2988</td><td class="align_center">1270</td><td class="align_center">3048</td><td class="align_center">1260</td><td class="align_center">3033</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3</td><td class="align_center">1970</td><td class="align_center">4434</td><td class="align_center">1990</td><td class="align_center">4464</td><td class="align_center">2024</td><td class="align_center">4515</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">4</td><td class="align_center">3982</td><td class="align_center">8169</td><td class="align_center">4032</td><td class="align_center">8244</td><td class="align_center">4034</td><td class="align_center">8247</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">5</td><td class="align_center">5958</td><td class="align_center">11655</td><td class="align_center">5972</td><td class="align_center">11676</td><td class="align_center">6018</td><td class="align_center">11745</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">6</td><td class="align_center">10802</td><td class="align_center">19584</td><td class="align_center">10570</td><td class="align_center">19236</td><td class="align_center">10800</td><td class="align_center">19581</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">7</td><td class="align_center">30544</td><td class="align_center">53034</td><td class="align_center">25162</td><td class="align_center">44961</td><td class="align_center">25004</td><td class="align_center">44724</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">8</td><td class="align_center">63143</td><td class="align_center">108654</td><td class="align_center">63371</td><td class="align_center">108996</td><td class="align_center">68975</td><td class="align_center">117402</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">9</td><td class="align_center">117698</td><td class="align_center">190551</td><td class="align_center">117958</td><td class="align_center">190941</td><td class="align_center">136230</td><td class="align_center">218349</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="7"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Mesh statistics at different refinement levels.</div>

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Flow of the Bingham-Papanastasiou Regularized Material in a Channel in the Presence of Obstacles: Correlation between Hydrodynamic Forces and Spacing of Obstacles 

Table 1 | Flow of the Bingham-Papanastasiou Regularized Material in a Channel in the Presence of Obstacles: Correlation between Hydrodynamic Forces and Spacing of Obstacles 