Symbiosis Evolution of E-commerce Platform Ecosystem with Cooperative and Competitive Effect: An Extended Population Density Logistic Model-Based Simulation

Table 2

Classification of symbiosis modes among the e-commerce platform ecosystem.

Phase	Symbiotic coefficient	Symbiosis model	Characteristics
1	(1, 1), ,	Independent symbiosis	There is no symbiotic relationship between platforms and participants. They develop independently.
2	(1, −1), ,	Asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis (platform participants dominant)	The growth of the platform drives the growth of participants, and platform participants are dominant.
3	(–1, 1), ,	Asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis (platform dominant)	The growth of the participants drives the growth of platform, and the platforms are dominant.
4	(1, 1),	Symmetric reciprocal symbiosis	The growth of one side drives the growth of the other side, and the driving effect is symmetric.