Retinal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Subtypes Measured by High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Table 4

Differences between MS subtypes without a history of optic neuritis (NON) were analyzed with generalized estimation equations (GEE) models including age, disease duration, and gender as effects.

	GEE models comparing OCT parameters between NON eyes of different MS subtypes
		RNFL thickness			TMV
	Effect	Effect size	SE	𝑃 value	Effect size	SE	𝑃 value
RRMS-NON versus SPMS-NON	Group	−5.144	1.921	0.007	−0.137	0.066	0.039
	Age	0.062	0.077	0.419	−0.001	0.003	0.775
	Duration	−0.044	0.009	<0.001	−0.001	0.0003	<0.001
	Gender	1.864	1.377	0.176	−0.139	0.051	0.007
RRMS-NON versus PPMS-NON	Group	−1.204	1.022	0.239	−0.104	0.037	0.005
	Age	−0.016	0.073	0.823	−0.002	0.003	0.371
	Duration	−0.034	0.008	<0.001	−0.001	0.0003	<0.001
	Gender	2.785	1.393	0.045	−0.102	0.052	0.051
SPMS-NON versus PPMS-NON	Group	2.634	2.494	0.291	−0.053	0.090	0.553
	Age	0.339	0.175	0.053	0.002	0.006	0.729
	Duration	−0.031	0.011	0.007	−0.001	0.0004	0.224
	Gender	−3.932	2.287	0.086	−0.127	0.086	0.139