The Frequency of Anti-Aquaporin-4 Ig G Antibody in Neuromyelitis Optica and Its Spectrum Disorders at a Single Tertiary Referral Center in Malaysia

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with neuromyelitis optica.

Parameter	Number	Percentage/%
Age at onset (years)	30 (12–52)
Median (range)
Gender
Female	85	88.5
Male	11	11.5
Ethnic origin
Malays	47	49.0
Chinese	41	42.7
Indians	6	6.2
Ibans	1	1.1
Bajaus	1	1.1
Duration of followup	3.5 (1–12)	—
Median (range)
EDSS on the last clinic visit	3.0 (0–9)	—
Median (range)
Commonest clinical features at onset of disease
ON	35	36.5
Spinal cord	40	41.7
Brainstem/±thalamic &/hypothalamic involvement	15	15.6
Subcortical white matter	4	4.2
Type of cord lesion for all
Longitudinal contiguous	44	45.8
Longitudinal contiguous & interrupted	9	9.4
Longitudinal Linear	12	12.5
Longitudinal Linear & interrupted	2	2.1
Longitudinal Linear & contiguous	3	3.1
Short segment	12	12.5
No Lesion	13	13.5
Multiple short segments	1	1
Length of Vertebral segments
1–<3	14	14.6
3.5 to 5	27	28.1
5.5 to 7	23	24.0
7.5 to 10	10	10.4
>10	9	9.3
Nil	13	13.5
Disease course
Relapsing remitting	90	93.7
Monophasic	5	5.2
Progressive	1	1.0
Diagnosis
NMO	48	50
TM (HRS for NMOSD)	15	15.6
RTM	14	14.5
MTM	1	1.1
ON (HRS for NMOSD)	10	10.4
RON	7	7.3
MON	3	3.1
Brain involvement at onset	21	21.8
(fulfilling descriptions by Pittock et al. [10]) at high risk for NMOSD
Other monophasic, monofocal demyelinating disease affecting the brain	2	2.1
Oligoclonal bands
Positive	6	8.6%
Negative	64	91.4%

Abbreviations: NMO: neuromyelitis optica; TM: transverse myelitis; HRS: High risk syndrome; NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; RTM: relapsing transverse myelitis; MTM: monophasic transverse myelitis; RON: relapsing optic neuritis; MTM: monophasic transverse myelitis; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; ON: optic neuritis.