Research Article
The Frequency of Anti-Aquaporin-4 Ig G Antibody in Neuromyelitis Optica and Its Spectrum Disorders at a Single Tertiary Referral Center in Malaysia
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with neuromyelitis optica.
| Parameter | Number | Percentage/% |
| Age at onset (years) | 30 (12–52) | | Median (range) | | Gender | | | Female | 85 | 88.5 | Male | 11 | 11.5 | Ethnic origin | | | Malays | 47 | 49.0 | Chinese | 41 | 42.7 | Indians | 6 | 6.2 | Ibans | 1 | 1.1 | Bajaus | 1 | 1.1 | Duration of followup | 3.5 (1–12) | — | Median (range) | EDSS on the last clinic visit | 3.0 (0–9) | — | Median (range) | Commonest clinical features at onset of disease | | | ON | 35 | 36.5 | Spinal cord | 40 | 41.7 | Brainstem/±thalamic &/hypothalamic involvement | 15 | 15.6 | Subcortical white matter | 4 | 4.2 | Type of cord lesion for all | | | Longitudinal contiguous | 44 | 45.8 | Longitudinal contiguous & interrupted | 9 | 9.4 | Longitudinal Linear | 12 | 12.5 | Longitudinal Linear & interrupted | 2 | 2.1 | Longitudinal Linear & contiguous | 3 | 3.1 | Short segment | 12 | 12.5 | No Lesion | 13 | 13.5 | Multiple short segments | 1 | 1 | Length of Vertebral segments | | | 1–<3 | 14 | 14.6 | 3.5 to 5 | 27 | 28.1 | 5.5 to 7 | 23 | 24.0 | 7.5 to 10 | 10 | 10.4 | >10 | 9 | 9.3 | Nil | 13 | 13.5 | Disease course | | | Relapsing remitting | 90 | 93.7 | Monophasic | 5 | 5.2 | Progressive | 1 | 1.0 | Diagnosis | | | NMO | 48 | 50 | TM (HRS for NMOSD) | 15 | 15.6 | RTM | 14 | 14.5 | MTM | 1 | 1.1 | ON (HRS for NMOSD) | 10 | 10.4 | RON | 7 | 7.3 | MON | 3 | 3.1 | Brain involvement at onset | 21 | 21.8 | (fulfilling descriptions by Pittock et al. [10]) at high risk for NMOSD | Other monophasic, monofocal demyelinating disease affecting the brain | 2 | 2.1 | Oligoclonal bands | | | Positive | 6 | 8.6% | Negative | 64 | 91.4% |
|
|
Abbreviations: NMO: neuromyelitis optica; TM: transverse myelitis; HRS: High risk syndrome; NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; RTM: relapsing transverse myelitis; MTM: monophasic transverse myelitis; RON: relapsing optic neuritis; MTM: monophasic transverse myelitis; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; ON: optic neuritis.
|