Gray Matters in Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive Impairment and Structural MRI

Table 1

Studies investigating the role of MRI measures and cognition in MS.

Author; (year)	MRI measures	Cognitive findings
Morgen et al. (2006) [78]	Brain atrophy	Executive functions
Amato et al. (2007) [69]	Percentage of brain volume changes, NVC, normalized deep GM volume change, and LL	Overall CI
Calabrese et al. (2009) [12]	CLs, WM lesion volume, CELs, NBV, and NCV	Overall CI
Nelson et al. (2011) [63]	CLs	Overall CI
Mike et al. (2011) [65]	WM lesion volume, CL number, and CL volume	Overall CI
Khalil et al. (2011) [92]	Cortical MT ratio	Information processing speed
Batista et al. (2012) [88]	Neocortical, deep GM volume	Information processing speed
Sbardella et al. (2013) [79]	Regional GM and WM atrophy	Executive functions

GM: gray matter, NCV: normalized neocortical GM volume, LL: lesion load, CI: cognitive impairment, CLs: cortical lesions, WM: white matter, CELs: contrast enhancing lesions, NBV: normalized brain volume.