Research Article
Comparisons of Costs between Black Caribbean and White British Patients with Advanced Multiple Sclerosis in the UK
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of Black Caribbean and White British participants included in the study [
15].
| | White British () | Black Caribbean () | value for statistical test |
| Place of birth: | | | | United Kingdom | 43 (100%) | 34 (79%) | Fisher’s exact | Caribbean | 0 | 9 (21%) | | Gender: | | | | Male | 15 (35%) | 11 (26%) | Chi-sq 0.88 (df = 1), | Female | 28 (65%) | 32 (74%) | | Mean age, SD (range) median | 57.5 yrs, 12.1 (35–88) 57.7 | 47.7 yrs, 10.8 (27–75) 48.1 | -test = 3.97, | Highest level of education attained: | | | | Did not go to school | 1 (2%) | 0 | Fisher’s exact
| Primary school | 1 (2%) | 4 (9%) | Secondary school (GCSE) | 13 (30%) | 20 (47%) | Secondary school (A-level) | 8 (19%) | 10 (23%) | University | 20 (47%) | 9 (21%) | Degree/equivalent professional qualification: | | | | Yes | 23 (53%) | 9 (21%) | Chi-sq 9.75 (df = 1),
| No | 20 (47%) | 34 (79%) | Employment status | | | | Employed full time | 1 (2%) | 4 (9%) | Chi-sq 0.314 (df = 8),
| Employed part time | 4 (9%) | 0 (0%) | Self-employed | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | Unemployed | 6 (14%) | 11 (26%) | Retired (because of age) | 15 (35%) | 2 (5%) | Retired (because of illness) | 15 (35%) | 21 (49%) | Student | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | House wife/husband | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | Other | 1 (2%) | 3 (7%) | Geographical area of residence—indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) (grouped): | | | | Group 1 (most deprived) | 22 (51%) | 23 (56%) | Fisher’s exact | Group 2 | 16 (37%) | 18 (42%) | Group 3 | 3 (7%) | 0 | Group 4 (least deprived) | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | Type of MS: | | | | Relapsing remitting | 8 (19%) | 16 (37%) | Fisher’s exact | Secondary progressive | 19 (44%) | 13 (30%) | Primary progressive | 16 (37%) | 14 (33%) | Age at: | | | | Onset mean yrs, SD | 34.3 yrs, 13.9 | 34.1 yrs, 11.2 | -test 0.08, | Diagnosis mean yrs, SD | 41.4 yrs, 14.3 | 37.4 yrs, 11.3 | -test 1.43, | MS duration from diagnosis: | | | | Mean yrs, SD (range) | 16.1 yrs, 11.2 (1.67–50.29) | 10.2 yrs, 5.7 (0.89–23.27) | -test 3.01, | Median | 12.4 | 9.5 | EDSS score: | | | | 6.0 | 15 (35%) | 10 (23%) | Fisher’s exact,
| 6.5 | 9 (21%) | 14 (33%) | 7.0 | 4 (9%) | 6 (14%) | 7.5 | 3 (7%) | 4 (9%) | 8.0 | 8 (18%) | 6 (14%) | 8.5 | 2 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 9.0 | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) |
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