Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers to Predict Treatment Response in Multiple Sclerosis: Current and Future Perspectives

Table 6

Genes with polymorphisms showing significant association with response to glatiramer acetate in patients with multiple sclerosis [39].

Gene (polymorphic locus)	Product function (if known)	Number of loci	Nature of response for each polymorphism
HLA-DRB1 (N/A; rs3135388; N/A; N/A) [44, 63–65]	HLA class II MHC antigen, DRB1 β chain	4	+, +, +, +
HLA-DQB1 (N/A) [64]	HLA class II MHC, class II, DQ β1	3	+, −, −
CCR5 (rs333) [65]	C–C chemokine receptor type 5	1	+
TCRB (rs71878) [40]	T cell receptor β chain	1	+
IL12RB2 (rs946685) [40]	Interleukin-12 receptor subunit β2	1	−
MBP (rs470929) [40]	Myelin basic protein	1	+
IL1R1 (rs956730) [40]	Interleukin-1 receptor type 1	1	+
CD86 (rs1129055) [40]	CD86 molecule providing costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation	1	+
CTSS (rs2275235; rs1415148) [40]	Cathepsin S	2	+, +
FAS (rs982764) [40]	Fas cell-surface death receptor	1	+

+: associated with positive treatment response; –: associated with negative treatment response; CD: cluster of differentiation; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; N/A: not available.