miRNA-Dependent CD4⁺ T Cell Differentiation in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Table 1

miRNAs involved in CD4+ T cell differentiation of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and/or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animals.

miRNA	Change in expression	Target	Function	Reference
let-7e	Upregulated in CD4^+ cells, in EAE animals	IL-10	Promotion of Th1/Th17 differentiation	[41]
miR-15b	Downregulated in CD4^+ cells, in MS patients and EAE animals	OGT	Inhibition of Th17 differentiation	[48]
miR-20b	Downregulated in blood cells of MS patient and in EAE animals	RORγt, STAT3	Inhibition of Th17 proliferation	[49]
miR-21	Upregulated in Th17 cells	SMAD7	Promotion of Th17 differentiation	[63]
miR-26a	Downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes of MS patients	IL-6	Regulation of Th17/Treg balance	[50]
miR-30a	Downregulated during Th17 differentiation in MS patient and EAE animals	IL-21R	Inhibition of Th17 proliferation	[65]
miR-141 miR-200a	Upregulated in MS patients	FOXO3, GATA3, SMAD2	Regulating Th17 and Treg differentiation	[43]
miR-142	Upregulated in MS patients and EAE animals	TGF-β; SOCS1; ADCY9	Promotion of Th17 differentiation and inhibition of Treg function	[54, 55]
miR-145	Downregulated in Treg cell, upregulated in blood cells of MS patients	FOXP3 SMAD3	Inhibition of Treg proliferation	[44, 56]
miR-146a	Upregulated in lesions in EAE animals	TRAF6 IRAK1; PRKCε	Inhibition of Th1 proliferation, supporting regulatory mechanisms	[66, 67, 69]
miR-155	Upregulated in MS patients	ETS1; DNAJA2; DNAJB1	Promotion of Th17 differentiation	[59, 62]
miR-183C	Upregulated in pathogenic Th17 cells	FOXO1	Stimulation the production of pathogenic cytokines	[52]
miR-301a	Upregulated in CNS-infiltrating T cells in EAE animals	PIAS3	Promoting Th17 differentiation	[53]
miR-326	Upregulated in EAE animals	ETS1	Promoting Th17 differentiation	[47]