Telehealth-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Primary and secondary outcomes at baseline (pre), reassessment (post), change score, and effect size. Data reported as mean (standard deviation). ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; MFIS: Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; FSS: Fatigue Severity Scale; SSES: Sleep Self-Efficacy Scale; SOL: sleep onset latency; SE: sleep efficiency; TST: total sleep time; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire, 9 items; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, 7 items; MSIS-29: Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, 29 items; ES: effect size.

Tele-CBTi
	Pre	Post	Change		ES
Primary outcomes
ISI	17.1 (3.3)	6.3 (3.3)	-10.8 (3.8)	<.001	2.815
PSQI	13.1 (2.3)	6.0 (3.8)	-7.1 (3.5)	<.001	2.006
MFIS	44.2 (15.7)	15.3 (10.2)	-28.9 (13.1)	<.001	2.193
FSS	49.5 (8.6)	26.5 (15.4)	-23.0 (16.1)	.001	1.432
Secondary outcomes
SOL (min)	57.8 (29.7)	22.7 (23.7)	-35.1 (18.8)	<.001	1.959
SE (%)	64.8 (19.2)	78.3 (24.1)	13.5 (25.8)	.112	0.531
TST (min)	308.2 (71.1)	375.3 (120.2)	67.1 (103.1)	.056	0.715
SSES	21.5 (4.1)	36.4 (5.4)	14.9 (7.2)	<.001	2.077
PHQ-9	8.3 (4.2)	3.1 (3.2)	-5.2 (4.6)	.004	1.136
GAD-7	5.4 (4.6)	3.2 (3.2)	-2.2 (5.3)	.200	0.415
MSIS-29	73.8 (16.9)	50.5 (12.4)	-23.4 (18.4)	.002	1.265