Mulberry Juice-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots as a Cu²⁺ Ion Sensor: Investigating the Influence of Fruit Ripeness on the Optical Properties

Table 1

A summary of Cu²⁺ sensors based on CQDs.

CQDs sensors	Detection limits	Ranges	Reference
Ionic liquid-derived CQDs	0.18 µM	0.5–5 µM and 10–90 µM	[47]
CQDs from sago waste	7.78 µM	0–47 µM	[48]
CdSe/ZnS@CQDs	1 µM	1–100 µM	[49]
CQDs from citric acid	0.63 µM	0.37–2.5 µM	[50]
Silica‐coated CQDs	0.3 µM	0.833–833 µM	[51]
Agarose/CQDs	0.5 µM	—	[52]
N‐CQDs	0.09 µM/0.12 µM	0.3–1.6 µM	[53]