Changes in
anxiety (VAMS, upper panel), bodily symptoms (BSS, mild panel), and salivary
cortisol levels (lower panel) induced by simulated public speaking (SPS) in
symptomatic panic patients (SPD), nonsymptomatic patients (NSPD), and healthy
controls. The phases of the experimental session are beginning (B), pretest
(P), anxiety during speech preparation (A), performance anxiety during the
speech (S), and final (F). Points in the curves indicate mean values and
vertical bars the S.E.M. Figure modified from Garcia-Leal et al. [43] and
Parente et al. [44]. * = significant difference () from
controls.
