Paving the Way for Speech: Voice-Training-Induced Plasticity in Chronic Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech—Three Single Cases

Table 4

Spontaneous speech.

		cvb	ap	al	sem s	ps	syn s
Mr. U.	Pre	2	2	3	3	2	2
	Post	3*	3*	4*	4*	3*	2
Mrs. A.	Pre	1	1	2	2	2	1
	Post	2*	2*	2	2	2	1
Mr. H.	Pre	1	1	1	0	0	0
	Post	2*	2*	2*	1*	2**	1

∗substantial; **significant.
Aachener Aphasie Test, evaluation of spontaneous speech; min = 0, max = 5 points.
cvb: communicative verbal behavior; ap: articulation and prosody; al: automatized language.
sem s: semantic structure; ps: phonemic structure; syn s: syntactic structure.