Withaferin A Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB-Dependent Pro-Inflammatory and Stress Response Pathways in the Astrocytes

Figure 5

Effects of the post-treatment with Withaferin A on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory and stress response gene expression in primary spinal cord astrocytes. Primary astrocytes were treated with or without LPS (1 μg/mL) for 2 hours and then incubated in the absence or in the presence of 0.5 μM Withaferin A (WA) plus LPS (1 μg/mL) for additional 4 hours. Total RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed. TNFα, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR ( experiments in triplicate). Values (mean ± s.e.m.) were normalized relative to HPRT and expressed as percentage of TNFα, COX-2, or iNOS expression levels in control conditions ( versus control, and versus LPS; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test).