Plasticity-Related PKMζ Signaling in the Insular Cortex Is Involved in the Modulation of Neuropathic Pain after Nerve Injury

Figure 4

Reduction of mechanical allodynia after ZIP microinjection into the IC. (a) Identification of the ZIP injection site. ZIP was microinjected into the IC. (b) Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in POD 3 rats after microinjection of ZIP. Significant differences between nerve-injured and sham groups were found at the time points from 30 minutes to 12 hours after injection (). The arrow indicates the time point of ZIP or saline injection.

(a)

(b)