Parthenolide Relieves Pain and Promotes M2 Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Rat Model of Neuropathy

Figure 2

Repeated PTL administration influenced microglia/macrophage activation in the spinal cord level under neuropathic pain. Seven days after CCI in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord the protein level for IBA1 (a) and GFAP (b) were upregulated due to nerve injury. Repeated PTL administration increased the level of IBA1 (a), but the GFAP protein level was unchanged (b). The Western blot data are presented as the mean ± SEM and represent the normalized averages derived from analyses of 5–7 samples for each group. Intergroup differences were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. indicate significant differences compared to naïve rats. ^# indicate significant differences between vehicle-treated and PTL-treated CCI-exposed rats. N-naïve, V-vehicle, and PTL-parthenolide. The immunoblots shown are representative of 5–7 individual samples.

(a)

(b)