Prisms to Shift Pain Away: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Exploration of CRPS with Prism Adaptation
Table 7
Comparison of the circle drawing task results obtained in patients and controls before adaptation.
Effects
Group
Hand
Direction
Group × hand
Hand × direction
Group × direction
Group × hand × direction
ANOVA
Statistics
No vision
Perimeter
0.50
0.493
0.13
0.721
11.70
0.006
0.34
0.570
5.87
0.036
0.09
0.763
0.03
0.860
Angle
0.04
0.84
6.61
0.03
0.07
0.790
0.87
0.373
12.30
0.005
0.32
0.584
2.16
0.172
Horiz. drift
0.69
0.425
19.00
0.001
2.90
0.119
0.57
0.467
1.45
0.256
0.28
0.61
1.07
0.324
Horiz. extent
1.09
0.32
1.53
0.244
15.30
0.002
0.13
0.720
0.03
0.857
0.87
0.372
0.49
0.499
Surface
0.82
0.386
0.28
0.610
11.27
0.007
0.00
0.986
1.53
0.244
0.01
0.962
0.34
0.571
Hand vision
Perimeter
0.32
0.583
0.31
0.588
10.77
0.008
0.25
0.627
0.89
0.361
0.01
0.941
1.61
0.233
Angle
0.10
0.755
3.21
0.103
2.50
0.144
0.06
0.811
0.01
0.902
0.43
0.526
0.61
0.452
Horiz. drift
0.09
0.763
7.10
0.023
9.24
0.012
0.03
0.850
1.28
0.284
0.03
0.87
0.56
0.471
Horiz. extent
0.95
0.350
0.39
0.545
49.26
0.001
0.16
0.695
0.01
0.921
0.01
0.914
0.00
0.970
Surface
0.55
0.476
0.40
0.539
14.44
0.003
0.48
0.503
0.34
0.569
0.01
0.991
0.71
0.420
Full vision
Perimeter
3.85
0.078
23.47
0.001
0.09
0.761
1.97
0.190
0.88
0.370
0.66
0.435
0.32
0.584
Angle
0.07
0.793
10.26
0.009
0.13
0.726
0.02
0.883
7.28
0.022
0.21
0.653
0.61
0.454
Horiz. drift
0.22
0.649
0.02
0.887
0.67
0.431
2.37
0.155
2.00
0.187
0.82
0.387
0.195
0.668
Horiz. extent
5.30
0.044
18.68
0.001
0.84
0.381
0.18
0.681
1.03
0.333
0.03
0.859
0.65
0.439
Surface
4.35
0.063
19.59
0.001
0.67
0.431
3.30
0.099
1.16
0.307
1.12
0.315
0.32
0.583
In the reference no-vision condition, no group effect was observed. A significant hand effect logically affected the horizontal drift (the two hands symmetrically drifting apart in order not to bump each other). The ellipse main axis angle was also logically affected by a hand direction interaction as a result of biomechanical constraints. More interestingly, no group effect was observed, neither as a main effect nor as interaction effects.
