Brain Connectomics’ Modification to Clarify Motor and Nonmotor Features of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

Table 3

Performance obtained by DM1 and HS groups on neuropsychological testing.

Domain	DM1 patients	HS	value
Test/subtest
Cognitive efficiency
MMSE (normal cut-off ≥ 23.8)	27.9 (1.8)	29.7 (0.6)	0.000
Verbal episodic long-term memory
15-word list:
(i) Immediate recall (cut-off ≥ 28.5)	43.2 (6.0)	44.9 (9.5)	n.s.
(ii) Delayed recall (cut-off ≥ 4.6)	9.2 (3.2)	9.8 (2.8)	n.s.
Verbal short-term memory
Digit span forward (cut-off ≥ 3.7)	5.3 (2.2)	6.1 (1.3)	n.s.
Digit span backward	4.9 (5.1)	5.1 (1.0)	n.s.
Visuospatial short-term memory
Corsi span forward (cut-off ≥ 3.5)	5.3 (3.4)	5.5 (0.9)	n.s.
Corsi span backward	4.4 (1.5)	5.5 (0.9)	n.s.
Language
Naming of objects (cut-off ≥ 22)	27.3 (6.4)	28.9 (1.3)	n.s.
Naming of verbs (cut-off ≥ 22)	25.4 (6.1)	26.1 (2.0)	n.s.
Reasoning
Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (cut-off ≥ 18.9)	24.6 (8.6)	32.5 (2.6)	0.001
Constructional praxis
Copy of drawings (cut-off ≥ 7.1)	9.9 (5.8)	11.3 (1.2)	n.s.
Copy of drawings with landmarks (cut-off ≥ 61.8)	57.4 (19.7)	69.0 (1.8)	n.s.
Executive functions
Phonological word fluency (cut-off ≥ 17.3)	30.1 (17.7)	36.0 (8.4)	n.s.
Stroop-interference (cut-off 36.9)	30.2 (15.1)	—	—

DM1 = myotonic dystrophy type 1; HS = healthy subjects.
For each group of studied subjects, the table shows the performance scores means (SDs) obtained on neuropsychological testing. For each administered test, appropriate adjustments for gender, age, and education were applied according to the Italian normative data. Available cut-off scores of normality (≥95% of the lower tolerance limit of the normal population distribution) are also reported for each test. One-way ANOVA.