TLR4 Signaling in MPP⁺-Induced Activation of BV-2 Cells

Figure 3

The changes in TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS of the BV-2 cells exposed to MPP⁺ for 12 h. MPP⁺ was applied to the cells at four concentrations (0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM), and the incubation time was 12 hours. Note that there were significant differences in protein expression between MPP⁺ and control groups. versus control; versus control.