Drosophila Torsin Protein Regulates Motor Control and Stress Sensitivity and Forms a Complex with Fragile-X Mental Retardation Protein

Figure 3

Altered NMJ structures in DTor mutants. (a–c) Representative NMJ morphologies from (a) control (Tub-Gal4/+), (b) DTor-cDNA overexpression (UAS-DTor 2-2/+; Tub-Gal4/+), and (c) DTor-RNAi expression (pWiz-DTor-RNAi/+; Tub-Gal4/+) NMJs. (d) Quantification of the number of synaptic boutons when DTor-cDNA or DTor-RNAi were expressed ubiquitously (Tub-Gal4); postsynaptically, in the muscle (C57-Gal4); and presynaptically, pan-neuronally (C155-Gal4). Alteration of DTor proteins at pre- and/or postsynaptic terminals significantly increased the number of synaptic boutons.