Drosophila Torsin Protein Regulates Motor Control and Stress Sensitivity and Forms a Complex with Fragile-X Mental Retardation Protein

Figure 9

Colocalization and genetic interaction between DTor and DFMRP in Drosophila. (a–c) Localization patterns of DTor (red) and DFMRP (green) in w1118 larval muscles. DTor and DFMRP proteins are partially colocalized in muscle organelles. They are partially colocalized at (d) the outside of nuclear membranes in muscles and (e) muscle fibers. However, they are not colocalized at synaptic boutons (f). (g) A small portion of DTor protein at the synaptic boutons was colocalized with Synapsin. (h–j) Representative NMJ morphology of genetic background larvae (fmr1^Δ50m, Tub-Gal4/+), dfmrp mutant larvae (fmr1^Δ50m, Tub-Gal4/fmr1^Δ50m), and dfmrp mutant larvae expressing DTor-RNAi (pWiz-DTor-RNAi/+; fmr1^Δ50m Tub-Gal4/fmr1^Δ50m). (k) The quantification of the normalized number of synaptic boutons from three mutant NMJs.