Differences in Cortical Representation and Structural Connectivity of Hands and Feet between Professional Handball Players and Ballet Dancers

Table 2

Demographic characteristics and global brain measures of the female professional ballet dancers, professional handball players, and control women.

Measure	Professional ballet dancers				Professional handball players				Control women
	M	SD	Min.	Max.	M	SD	Min.	Max.	M	SD	Min.	Max.
Age (years)	21.94	3.03	18.30	27.80	23.25	2.96	19.00	29.00	25.19	4.20	18.50	37.80
Body height (m)	1.67	0.06	1.57	1.75	1.72	0.04	1.67	1.81	1.70	0.05	1.60	1.82
Body weight (kg)	52.00	3.68	48.00	60.00	65.58	10.14	50.00	87.00	62.23	5.72	50.00	71.00
Body mass index (BMI)	18.68	1.53	16.96	21.91	22.15	2.56	17.93	27.46	21.49	1.91	18.59	25.77
Quantity of training (years)	14.20	3.26	10.00	20.00	12.67	2.67	7.00	16.00
Age at training commencement	7.30	2.50	4.00	13.00	10.58	2.97	5.00	15.00
Total GM volume ()	619.34	64.75	523.40	723.52	644.00	40.39	580.05	704.55	633.82	39.92	552.94	714.04
Total WM volume ()	454.13	48.58	378.11	522.32	474.06	41.40	410.44	568.33	479.92	29.87	420.33	517.56
Total cortical GM volume ()	569.20	49.58	492.68	636.32	578.76	54.48	481.25	650.80	593.48	36.25	522.35	672.21
Total IC volume ()	1288.48	120.67	1141.30	1459.84	1384.21	150.15	1044.42	1599.98	1371.90	128.01	1151.27	1648.63
Mean FA	0.24	0.01	0.22	0.24	0.24	0.01	0.22	0.26	0.24	0.01	0.23	0.26
Mean AD	0.00114	0.00003	0.00111	0.00120	0.00112	0.00004	0.00105	0.00118	0.00116	0.00003	0.00112	0.00122
Mean RD	0.00081	0.00003	0.00078	0.00086	0.00079	0.00004	0.00073	0.00084	0.00082	0.00003	0.00076	0.00089

Note. AD, axial diffusivity; FA, fractional anisotropy; GM, grey matter; IC, intracranial; M, mean; Max, maximum; Min., minimum; n, number of subjects; RD, radial diffusivity; SD, standard deviation; WM, white matter.