A Hypothalamic Leptin-Glutamate Interaction in the Regulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity

Table 1

General characteristics of control and T2D rats.

	Control ()	T2D ()		Control ()	T2D (n = 16)
Body weight (g)	427 ± 24	485 ± 29	Plasma glucose (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 0.3	17.2 ± 1.5
Retroperitoneal fat pad (g)	5.1 ± 0.3	8.7 ± 1.6	Plasma insulin (mU/L)	13.7 ± 1.3	13.9 ± 1.1
Epydidimal fat pad (g)	8.2 ± 1.2	9.5 ± 1.4	Insulin sensitivity index	−4.28 ± 0.14	−5.47 ± 0.28
Brown adipose tissue (g)	1.2 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.1	Plasma leptin (ng/mL)	304 ± 26	479 ± 39
Basal MAP (mmHg)	90 ± 4	93 ± 5	Basal heart rate (beat/min)	350 ± 16	362 ± 20
Basal int. RSNA (μV·s)	3.2 ± 0.3	4.7 ± 0.4	24 hrs urine NE (μg)	183 ± 36	403 ± 50

Values are mean ± SE. versus control group. MAP: mean arterial pressure; int. RSNA: integrated renal sympathetic activity; NE: norepinephrine.