Drosophila: An Emergent Model for Delineating Interactions between the Circadian Clock and Drugs of Abuse

Table 3

Genes mediating circadian and drug interactions in flies and mammals.

Gene/manipulation	Mechanism of action	Drug-related phenotypes in Drosophila	Reference	Drug studied in mammals	Reference
per^01	Regulation of circadian rhythms	↓ behavioral sensitization to cocaine	[334]	mPer1 and mPer2: cocaine, morphine, and amphetamines	[324, 326, 336, 435, 436]
clk	Regulation of circadian rhythms	↓ behavioral sensitization to cocaine	[334]	Clk: cocaine, morphine, and amphetamines	[324, 336, 437, 438]
cyc^01	Regulation of circadian rhythms	↓ behavioral sensitization to cocaine	[334]	Bmal: cocaine and amphetamine	[324, 336, 436]
tim^01	Regulation of circadian rhythms	No change in response to cocaine	[334]	—	—
dbt	Regulation of circadian rhythms	↓ behavioral sensitization to cocaine	[334]	Csnk1𝜀: cocaine, amphetamines, and opiods	[439–442]
dLmo	Regulation of dopamine receptor expression	↑ sensitivity to cocaine and nicotine and weak circadian rhythms in locomotor activity	[333]	Lmo4: cocaine	[338, 443]