Botanicals as Modulators of Neuroplasticity: Focus on BDNF

Table 2

Summary of the experimental conditions employed to investigate the effect of botanical administration on BDNF expression.

Botanicals	Type of studies	Models	mRNA	Protein	References
Bacopa monnieri (L.)	In vitro	PC12	•		[23, 24]
	In vivo	Naïve animals	•	•	[32]
		Chronic stress	•	•	[25, 27]
				•	[26]
		Fear conditioning	•		[33]
		Olfactory bulbectomy	•		[29]
		Scopolamine	•		[30]
			•	•	[31]
Coffea arabica L.	In vitro	Hippocampal neurons		•	[34, 35]
		Cortical neurons	•		[36]
	In vivo	Naïve animals		•	[38–43]
			•		[37]
		Alzheimer’s disease	•		[44]
				•	[45]
		Chronic stress		•	[46]
		Obesity (high-fat diet)		•	[47]
		Sleep deprivation	•		[49]
				•	[50–52]
	Clinical	Healthy subjects		•	[53]
Crocus sativus L.	In vivo	Naïve animals	•	•	[55, 56]
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.	In vitro	PC12	•		[58]
Ginkgo biloba L.	In vitro	N2a		•	[59]
		(APP/PS1) primary neurons		•	[60]
		SH-SY5Y		•	[61]
	In vivo	Naïve animals		•	[63, 67]
		Alzheimer’s disease		•	[60]
		ADHD		•	[61]
		Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion		•	[62]
		Chronic stress		•	[66]
		Haloperidol		•	[65]
		LPS-induced depression		•	[64]
	Clinical	Tardive dyskinesia patients		•	[68]
Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)	In vitro	SH-SY5Y		•	[70]
		Cortical cultures		•	[71]
	In vivo	Naïve animals		•	[72–76]
			•		[77]
		Alzheimer’s disease		•	[79, 80]
		DYRK1A transgenic mice	•		[78]
		Obesity (high-fat diet)		•	[81]
Hypericum perforatum L.	In vivo	Chronic stress	•		[82, 83]
	Clinical	Depressed patient		•	[84]
Olive oil (Olea europaea L.)	In vivo	Naïve animals		•	[87, 88]
			•		[89]
		Alzheimer’s disease	•		[91]
		Prenatal stress		•	[90]
	Clinical	Healthy subjects		•	[92]
		Alcoholic patients		•	[93]
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer	In vitro	OECs	•	•	[94]
		PC12		•	[98]
		Rat brain slices		•	[96]
		Rat hippocampal neurons		•	[97]
		SCs	•	•	[95]
	In vivo	Naïve animals		•	[114, 121, 122]
			•		[120]
		Acute stress	•	•	[108]
			•		[104]
		Alzheimer’s disease		•	[115]
		ADHD		•	[61]
		Autoimmune encephalomyelitis		•	[112]
		Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion		•	[116, 117]
			•	•	[118]
		Chronic stress		•	[99, 101–103, 107]
			•		[106]
			•	•	[100]
		Corticosterone	•	•	[105]
		LPS-induced depression	•		[119]
		Scopolamine		•	[110]
			•		[109]
		SAMP8		•	[113]
		Streptozotocin		•	[111]
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton	In vivo	Alzheimer’s disease		•	[127]
		Chronic stress	•	•	[123]
		Dietary restriction of ALA		•	[124, 125]
		Naïve animals		•	[126]
Rhodiola rosea L.	In vitro	Mesenchymal stem cells	•	•	[129]
	In vivo	LPS-induced depression		•	[130]
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	In vitro	BM-NSCs		•	[132]
		SH-SY5Y		•	[133]
	In vivo	Alzheimer’s disease		•	[134]
			•	•	[135]
		Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion		•	[136, 137]
		Streptozotocin and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion		•	[138]
Vitis vinifera L.	In vivo	Naïve animals		•	[141, 142]
		Acute stress		•	[140]
		Oxidative stress		•	[139]
	Clinical	Healthy subjects		•	[53]
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	In vivo	Hypobaric hypoxia		•	[145]
		Scopolamine	•	•	[144]

Studies which measured the BDNF mRNA or protein levels are indicated with the symbol “•”.