Dynamic Control of Synaptic Adhesion and Organizing Molecules in Synaptic Plasticity

Figure 1

SAMs. Prominent families of SAMs with putative synaptic localization and function are shown. Prototypes used to depict the domain organization are indicated. From top to bottom the following is listed: neurexin 1α and neurexin 1β (NRXN1α and NRXN1β; neurexins); CNTNAP2 (contactin associated protein-like); NLGN1 (neuroligins); CLSTN3 (calsyntenins); NEGR1 (Iglons which include NEGR1, NTM, LSAMP, and OPCML); Sirp α (signal regulatory proteins); NPTN (neuroplastin); IGSF8 (immunoglobulin superfamily); IL1RAPL1 (interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like); ICAM5 (intercellular adhesion molecules); MDGA1 (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor); NCAM1 (neural cell adhesion molecules); CNTN2 (contactins); L1CAM (L1 cell adhesion molecules); NRCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecules); Neo1 (neogenin); SDK1 (sidekick cell adhesion molecules); PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor types D, F, and S); CDH2 (cadherins); PCDH1 (protocadherins); ELFN2 (extracellular leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing); LRTM1 (leucine rich repeats and transmembrane domains); LRRTM1 (leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal); LINGO1 (leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing); SLITRK1 (SLIT and NTRK-like family member); LRFN1 (leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing); ADGRL1 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor type L; previously known as latrophilins); ADGRB1 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor type B, previously known as brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor). Several large polymorphic families including the ephrin receptors, integrins, and plexins are not shown. The domain abbreviations used in the text are for laminin G or laminin G/neurexin/sex hormone binding globulin or LNS domains (L); epidermal growth factor repeat (EGF); coagulation factor 5/8 type C (F58C); fibrinogen-like (FBG); extracellular cadherin (EC); alpha/beta (α/β); immunoglobulin (Ig); Toll/Il-1 receptor homology (TIR); meprin, A-5 protein, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (MAM); fibronectin type 3 (FN), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP); leucine rich repeat (LRR), N-terminal leucine rich repeat (LRRNT); C-terminal leucine rich repeat (LRRCT); galactose binding lectin domain (LEC); olfactomedin-like domain (OLF); hormone binding domain (HBD); GPCR-autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN); thrombospondin (TSP). Other abbreviations are signal peptide (SP) and transmembrane segment (TM). Alternative splice insert sites are indicted for the SAMs NRXN1α, NRXN1β, and NLGN1, as they are referred to in the text.