Genesis and Maintenance of Attentional Biases: The Role of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenaline System

Figure 1

Key pathways emphasized by the biased attention by norepinephrine (BANE) model: green dashed lines indicate noradrenaline (NA) pathways. Red lines indicate projections to the locus coeruleus (LC). Thicker lines indicate direct modulation of visual cortex activity in affect-biased attention. NA activity is implicated in both stimulus-encoding and selective attention [27]. A salient stimulus activates locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, which project widely to cortical and subcortical regions. Adapted with permission from “Neural and genetic processes underlying affective enhancement of visual perception and memory” by Markovic et al. [4]. Copyright 2014 by Elsevier.