Exercise Promotes Neuroplasticity in Both Healthy and Depressed Brains: An fMRI Pilot Study
Table 2
Results of pre-post changes for depression scores, cognitive assessment, memory performance, body mass index, and fitness.
Measure
MDD
Healthy
Between-group analysis
n
Premean (SD)
Postmean (SD)
p
d
n
Premean (SD)
Postmean (SD)
p
d
F
p
dppc2
BDI
8
41.75 (3.50)
15.50 (10.43)
0.0004
2.89
8
5.88 (5.03)
3.25 (4.53)
0.072
0.545
30.42
<0.0001
5.34
MOCA
8
24.63 (1.41)
25.75 (2.38)
0.229
0.564
8
26.13 (3.23)
27.13 (1.81)
0.286
0.338
0.011
0.920
0.047
Memory task (high confidence (correct) %)
8
71.48 (9.50)
69.08 (12.03)
0.359
0.210
8
75.32 (9.29)
75.13 (9.07)
0.942
0.020
0.418
0.529
0.230
BMI (kg/m2)
8
28.33 (5.12)
28.29 (4.48)
0.934
0.007
8
28.29 (7.91)
27.95 (6.61)
0.530
0.023
0.205
0.657
0.044
VO2max (ml.kg−1.min−1)
7
24.82 (8.00)
32.52 (10.12)
0.073
0.834
8
20.81 (6.48)
30.57 (8.66)
0.014
1.26
7.96
0.661
0.279
Data are expressed as mean with SD in parentheses. BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; BMI: body mass index; VO2max: maximum oxygen consumption; d: Cohen’s d.