Research Article
Time Course of Upper Limb Function in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Table 1
Results of the linear mixed models analysis: mean (SE) estimates of outcome measures at baseline, 6 and 12 months, and 5 years.
| | Baseline | 6 months | 1 year | 5 years | valuea |
| | PROM (0–7) | 1.30 (0.2) | 1.47 (0.2) | 1.46 (0.2) | 1.76 (0.2) | 0.008 | | Muscle tone (0–44) | 7.75 (0.53) | 8.06 (0.54) | 8.37 (0.53) | 8.3 (0.54) | 0.17 | | Muscle strength (0–45) | 31.91 (0.54) | 32.00 (0.55) | 31.85 (0.55) | 31.73 (0.55) | 0.85 | | Grip strength | | | | | | | Absolute scores AS (kg) | 6.39 (0.72) | 6.87 (0.74) | 7.23 (0.73) | 10.87 (0.75) | <0.0001 | | NAS (kg) | 15.88 (1.03) | 17.31 (1.05) | 18.12 (1.05) | 25.86 (1.06) | <0.0001 | | Ratio (%) | 40.0 (3) | 39.0 (3) | 40.0 (3) | 40 (3) | 0.92 | | Melbourne Assessment (%) | 67.92 (2.15) | 67.82 (2.16) | 67.24 (2.16) | 70.09 (2.17) | 0.002 | | AHA (logits 0–100) | 62.12 (2.33) | 62.74 (2.35) | 62.29 (2.34) | 56.58 (2.36) | <0.0001 | | Jebsen-Taylor test (s) | | | | | | | AS | 341.29 (28.74) | 331.53 (28.86) | 302.1 (28.87) | 289.09 (29.93) | <0.0001 | | NAS | 53.3 (3.34) | 50.39 (3.42) | 44.96 (4.43) | 37.52 (3.46) | <0.0001 | | ABILHAND-Kids (logits) | 1.83 (0.24) | 2.11 (0.25) | 2.12 (0.25) | 2.95 (0.26) | <0.0001 |
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PROM: passive range of motion; AHA: Assisting Hand Assessment; AS: affected side; NAS: nonaffected side; SE: standard error; a: linear mixed models
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