Beneficial Effect of Multidomain Cognitive Training on the Neuropsychological Performance of Patients with Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease

Table 4

The effect of the intervention (estimated by comparing the mean difference of the two neuropsychological assessments (baseline minus endpoint in each group) between the two groups (training group versus controls)) in the training group compared to the control group.

	Training group ()	Control group ()	value	Cohen’s d	Effect size
Recall, mean difference (95% CI)	0.72 (−0.73, 2.17)	0.60 (−0.36, 1.56)	0.887^a	0.04	0.02
Delayed memory, mean difference (95% CI)	1.04 (0.60, 1.48)	−0.28 (−0.47, −0.09)	≤0.001^b	1.12	0.48
Word recognition, mean difference (95% CI)	0.60 (0.02, 1.18)	−0.44 (−1.11, 0.23)	0.008^b	0.68	0.32
BNT, mean difference (95% CI)	1.56 (1.11, 2.01)	−0.24 (−0.62, 0.14)	≤0.001^b	1.79	0.67
SF, mean difference (95% CI)	6.04 (4.33, 7.75)	−1.20 (−2.62, 0.22)	≤0.001^a	1.89	0.69
CDT, mean difference (95% CI)	1.32 (0.64, 2.00)	−0.20 (−0.54, 0.14)	≤0.001^b	1.16	0.50
DSF, mean difference (95% CI)	1.12 (0.60, 1.64)	−0.16 (−0.60, 0.28)	≤0.001^b	1.09	0.48
DSB, mean difference (95% CI)	0.64 (0.33, 0.95)	−0.04 (−0.37, 0.29)	0.004^b	0.88	0.40
TMT A, mean difference (95% CI)	−25.44 (−34.99, −15.89)	32.60 (11.11, 54.09)	≤0.001^a	−1.44	−0.58
TMT B, mean difference (95% CI)	−9.40 (−19.59, 0.79)	1.16 (−1.23, 3.55)	0.003^b	−0.59	−0.28

BNT: Boston Naming Test; SF: semantic fluency; CDT: clock-drawing test; DSF: digit span forward; DSΒ: digit span backward; TMT A: trail-making test A; TMT B: trail-making test B; ^aANOVA; ^bMann–Whitney U test.