ERP and Behavioral Effects of Physical and Cognitive Training on Working Memory in Aging: A Randomized Controlled Study

Table 1

Mean reaction times and mean ratio of missed targets with standard deviations in parentheses in the 0-back and 2-back tasks for the pre- and post-measures and all groups.

	Physical	Cognitive	Relaxation	Control
Reaction times (ms)
Pretest
0-back	465 (47)	473 (67)	467 (58)	464 (54)
2-back	660 (106)	640 (97)	647 (111)	621 (109)
Posttest
0-back	467 (61)	464 (50)	467 (59)	471 (50)
2-back	623 (87)	622 (100)	631 (104)	604 (91)
Ratio of omitted targets (%)
Pretest
0-back	0.2 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0.2 (1.0)	0.2 (1.0)
2-back	15.7 (14.7)	19.3 (17.8)	20.6 (16.6)	19.9 (23.3)
Posttest
0-back	0.1 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	0.2 (1.0)	0 (0.0)
2-back	13.9 (12.6)	7.8 (5.7)	15.3 (15.0)	15.2 (14.9)