Age of Insomnia Onset Correlates with a Reversal of Default Mode Network and Supplementary Motor Cortex Connectivity

Figure 2

Correlation with clinical scores. Results of the voxel-wise correlation between FC patterns and age of onset are shown in (a), highlighting a set of clusters closely resembling the default mode network (DMN), as confirmed by the seed-based connectivity profile of the same clusters computed on the entire study sample (b). Specifically, age of onset was positively correlated with the connectivity between the DMN cluster in (a) and the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) (c). By looking at resting-state activity in PI patients (c), SMA displays a negative correlation with the DMN in healthy controls (d), suggesting that chronic sleep deprivation might weaken such resting-state dynamic. Scatterplots (e) display individual FC strength between the DMN clusters in (a) and SMA in (c) as a function of age of onset and disease duration (; FDR corrected, FWE corrected cluster-level), corroborating such hypothesis by showing how early onset and longer insomnia duration correspond to a modification of DMN-SMA connectivity in PI patients (i.e., a reversal in patients with early onset and longer insomnia duration, from negative to positive connectivity).