Role of Adiponectin in Central Nervous System Disorders

Figure 1

Proposed beneficial effects of adiponectin in central nervous system disorders. Adiponectin receptor signaling is under investigation for central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ischemic stroke, and depression. In models of AD, adiponectin receptor activation appears to reduce amyloid beta and improve insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin receptor signaling increases angiogenesis and enhances vasodilation, which may be of benefit in the treatment or prevention of ischemic stroke. Reductions in inflammation related to adiponectin may be beneficial to decrease risk of various diseases, including ischemic stroke, AD, and depression/anxiety. Adult neurogenesis may be reduced in depression, and adiponectin promotes neurogenesis especially in response to exercise. There are a number of modifiable factors that enhance production of adiponectin and may reduce risk of the previously mentioned disorders. In particular, exercise, weight loss, a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and certain medications such as lipid-lowering therapies and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) all increase circulating adiponectin levels.