|
| Animal model (age) | Task | Structure analyzed | Method | Timing | NMDAR changes | Ref. |
|
| Domestic chicks (one day) | Passive avoidance | Forebrain | Quantitative autoradiography of ligand-receptor binding | 30 min after training | Increased binding of glutamate and MK-801 tritiated to NMDA receptors. | [53] |
| Long Evans rats raised in complete darkness (21–23 days) | Light exposure | Visual cortex | WB of synaptosomes | Immediately after exposure to 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2 h of a normal-lighted environment | 1 h of light exposure is enough to produce an increase of GluN2A, without changes in GluN1 and GluN2B. | [54] |
| Wistar rats (2 months) | Inhibitory avoidance (step down) | Hippocampus | WB of whole homogenates and synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) | 0, 30, and 120 min after training | Increase of GluN1 at 30 min in SPM though not in homogenates; returning to naive and control levels 120 min after training.
No changes in GluN2A neither in GluN2B. | [46] |
| Adult Wistar rats | Inhibitory avoidance (step through) | Hippocampus | WB of whole homogenates and membrane-enriched protein extracts | 1 h after training | Increase of GluN1 in membranes, though not in homogenates.
No changes in GluN2B. | [55] |
| Adult Long Evans rats | Single-pellet reaching | Motor cortex | WB of whole homogenates | 1 week after training | Increase of GluN1 and GluN2A. | [56] |
| Wistar rats (2 months) | Open field | Hippocampus | WB of whole homogenates | 0, 30, 70 min and 24 hs after training; 0 and 70 min after TEST | Increase of GluN1 and GluN2A, but not GluN2B, at 70 min after training.
No changes after TEST. | [34] |
| Sprague-Dawley rats (10–14 weeks) | Radial arm maze | Frontal cortex and hippocampus | BN PAGE WB of synaptic membranes | 6 h after training | Increase of GluN1 and GluN2A in both structures. | [44] |
| Sprague-Dawley rats (6 days) | Odor preference | Anterior piriform cortex | WB of synaptic membranes | 3 h after training | Downregulation of GluN1 surface expression. | [47, 48] |
| Adult Neohelice granulata crabs | Context signal memory | Central brain and thoracic ganglion | WB of BS3-treated homogenates (cross-linking assay) | 0, 3, and 24 h after training | Downregulation of GluN1 surface expression in central brain immediately after training; upregulation 3 h later; no difference from naive and controls at 24 h.
No changes in the thoracic ganglion. | [43] |
| Adult Sprague-Dawley rats | Fear conditioning | Hippocampal CA1 region | WB of whole homogenates and synaptic membranes | 5–10 min after training | Increase of GluN1 and GluN2B, but not GluN2A, in membranes.
No changes in whole CA1 homogenates. | [49] |
| Wistar rats (1, 2, and 3 months old) | Open field | Hippocampus, amygdala and CPF | WB of whole homogenates | 0, 70, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after training | Transient increase, lasting 90 min or less, of GluN1 and GluN2A, but not of GluN2B 70 min after training, in the hippocampus at all ages.
No changes in amygdala neither in CPF at 70 min. | [38] |
| Wistar rats (3 months old) | Object recognition | Hippocampus and CPF | WB of whole homogenates | 0 and 70 min after training and after TEST | Increase of GluN1 and GluN2A, but not GluN2B, 70 min after training in the hippocampus, without changes in CPF.
No changes in both structures after TEST. |
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