The Effects of Maternal Mirroring on the Development of Infant Social Expressiveness: The Case of Infant Cleft Lip

Table 1

Sample characteristics.

			CLP	Comparison
Infants	Gestation-weeks (M(sd))		38.97(2.41)	40.79(1.60)	0.024
	Birth weight-gm. (M(sd))		2980.79(436.54)	3731.94(608.07)	0.003
	Infant gender (% male)		11.11	60.00	0.020
	Birth order (% first born)		66.67	35.00	n.s
	Infant feeding (%)	Breast	22.22	75.00	0.004
		Formula	55.56	5.00
		Mixed	22.22	20.00
	Cleft type (%)	Lip	33.33
		Lip and palate	66.67
Mothers	Maternal age (M(sd))		32.65(5.38)	33.70(2.76)	n.s
	Maternal education (% graduate)		33.33	60.00	n.s
	Maternal ethnicity (% white)		100.00	90.00	n.s
	Depression symptoms (EPDS) (M(sd))		5.71 (4.54)	4.11 (3.43)	n.s