Stimulating the Healthy Brain to Investigate Neural Correlates of Motor Preparation: A Systematic Review

Figure 5

Characteristics of included studies that evaluated premotor dorsal cortex (PMd) and results obtained on reaction time (RT), expressed in standard mean difference (SMD). Negative SMD values correspond to a decrease in reaction time after stimulation whereas positive SMD values correspond to an increase in reaction time after stimulation. Studies reported significant changes in RT after stimulation are illustrated by a red dot. The size of each dot depends on the sample size of the study. B = SMD Becker’s equation; G = SMD Gibbons’ equation; rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; TBS = theta burst stimulation; rMT = resting motor threshold; aMT = active motor threshold; FDI = first dorsal interosseous; APB = abductor pollicis brevis; MRI = magnetic resonance imagery.