Stimulating the Healthy Brain to Investigate Neural Correlates of Motor Preparation: A Systematic Review

Figure 6

Characteristics of included studies that evaluated primary motor cortex (M1) and results obtained on reaction time, expressed in standard mean difference (SMD). Negative SMD values correspond to a decrease in reaction time (RT) after stimulation whereas positive SMD values correspond to an increase in reaction time after stimulation. Studies reported significant changes in RT after stimulation are illustrated by a red dot. The size of each dot depends on the sample size of the study. A cross indicates that data was not available. B = SMD Becker’s equation; G = SMD Gibbons’ equation; Ref = reference; L = left; R = right; rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; TBS = theta burst stimulation; rMT = resting motor threshold; aMT = active motor threshold; FDI = first dorsal interosseous; APB = abductor pollicis brevis; MRI = magnetic resonance imagery; EEG = electroencephalography.