Circadian Regulation of Hippocampal-Dependent Memory: Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Mechanisms

Table 2

Memory-related cellular signaling proteins or second messengers found to exhibit rhythmic expression or activity in the hippocampus.

Protein	Region	Method	Phase (peak/nadir)	Model	Reference
cAMP	Whole hippocampus	ELISA	Day (8/20)	C57BL/6 mice	Eckel-Mahan et al. [18]
cAMP	Whole hippocampus	ELISA	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Wardlaw et al. [103]
K-Ras	CA1 membrane rafts	Western	Night (16/4)	C57BL/6 mice	Shimizu et al. [42]
4EBP1	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Saraf et al. [132]
Akt	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Saraf et al. [132]
CREB	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Eckel-Mahan et al. [18]
CREB	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (2/18)	C3H/HeN mice	Rawashdeh et al. [55]
eIF4E	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Saraf et al. [132]
ERK	CA1	IHC	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Phan et al. [100]
ERK	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (2/14)	C3H/HeN mice	Rawashdeh et al. [55]
ERK	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Wardlaw et al. [103]
ERK	CA1	IHC	Night (16/4)	C57BL/6 mice	Shimizu et al. [42]
ERK	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Eckel-Mahan et al. [18]
GSK3β	CA1	Western	Day (9/17)	C57BL/6 mice	Besing et al. [43]
mTOR	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Saraf et al. [132]
S6	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (4/16)	C57BL/6 mice	Saraf et al. [132]
Ras-GTP	Whole hippocampus	Western	Day (8/20)	C57BL/6 mice	Eckel-Mahan et al. [18]
SCOP	CA1 membrane rafts	Western	Night (16/4)	C57BL/6 mice	Shimizu et al. [42]