Astrocytes and the Warning Signs of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke

Figure 2

Astrocytic molecular pathways mediating neurovascular coupling. The figure summarizes the molecular pathways that couple neuronal activity at excitatory synapses with glutamate uptake in astrocytes and vasodilation in blood vessels. Conversely, glucose metabolism in endothelial cells supports excitatory synaptic transmission in neurons by fueling energy production in astrocytes. αKG: α-ketoglutarate; D-Ser: D-Serine; GS: glutamine synthase; EAAT: excitatory amino acid transporter; EETs: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids; Glut⁻: glutamate; Gln: glutamine; GLS: glutaminase; mGluRI: group I metabotropic glutamate receptors; PG: prostaglandins; Pyr: pyruvate; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle.