Botulinum Neurotoxin Application to the Severed Femoral Nerve Modulates Spinal Synaptic Responses to Axotomy and Enhances Motor Recovery in Rats

Figure 3

Analysis of synaptic terminals and microglia in the quadriceps motor nucleus 1 week after femoral nerve injury and drug application. Included are also values from control rats without nerve injury and drug treatment (“Uninj.”). Shown are numerical densities (number per unit volume) of VGAT⁺, VGLUT1⁺, and VGLUT2⁺ terminals and Iba1⁺ microglial cells, as well as frequency (number per unit length) of ChAT⁺ perisomatic terminals (mean values + SEM). Asterisks indicate mean values significantly different from all other groups (one-way ANOVA, _3,16 = 4.87–44.8, ) with Holm-Sidak post hoc tests (). per group.

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