Koumine Attenuates Neuroglia Activation and Inflammatory Response to Neuropathic Pain

Figure 2

Effect of koumine treatment on microglial and astrocyte activation in the lumbar spinal cord in CCI injury rats. (a) Representative immunostaining pictures show the change in Iba-1 expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn on days 3, 6, and 9 after CCI surgery, as well as Iba-1 expression after koumine treatment. (b) Representative bands and quantification of the Western blot analysis showed that koumine significantly suppressed the increased Iba-1 protein level on day 9. , compared with the sham + NS group; , compared with the CCI + NS group, . (c) Representative immunostaining images show the change in GFAP expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn on days 3, 6, and 9 after CCI surgery, as well as GFAP expression after koumine treatment. (d) Representative bands and quantification of Western blot analysis showed that koumine significantly suppressed the increased GFAP protein level on day 9. , compared with the sham + NS group; , compared with the CCI + NS group, .

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