Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Paired with Occupation-Centered Bimanual Training in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Study
Table 1
Participant characteristics and function.
ID
Age (y)
Sex
Lesion location
Lesion details
Affected side
MACS level
CST circuitry
Lesioned MT
Nonlesioned MT
1
8
M
Cortical and subcortical
Left MCA distribution, frontal and parietal operculum, left PLIC, cerebral peduncle, and ventral pons
R
II
Contralateral
52
46
2
14
F
Subcortical
Left lateral ventricle, centrum semiovale, and internal capsule
R
II
Contralateral
44
41
3
14
F
Cortical and subcortical
Left lateral ventricle with adjacent thinning of cortex and corpus callosum
R
III
Contralateral
64
57
4
10
F
Subcortical
Left lacunar infarct in thalamus
R
II
Bilateral
66
63
5
15
F
Cortical and subcortical
Left MCA distribution, frontoparietal cortex, left thalamus, and basal ganglia
R
I
Bilateral
46
42
6
19
F
Cortical and subcortical
Right lateral ventricle and posterior right frontal lobe
L
II
Bilateral
44
38
7
12
M
Cortical and subcortical
Right thalamus and periventricular white matter
L
II
Bilateral
75
54
8
8
M
Cortical and subcortical
Left frontal lobe and posterior parietal lobe; left subinsular, caudate, and lentiform nuclei; left basal ganglia and hypothalamic region; and left cerebral peduncle
R
III
Bilateral
77
48
CST: corticospinal tract; F: female, L: left; M: male; MACS: Manual Ability Classification System; MCA: middle cerebral artery; MT: motor threshold; PLIC: posterior limb of internal capsule; R: right; y: years. Lesion location was identified by a pediatric neurologist as cortical, subcortical, or both cortical and subcortical. CST circuitry pattern was identified with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation testing.
