Neural Plasticity

Review Article

Different Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Upper and Lower Limb Recovery of Stroke Patients with Motor Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.


Study		Mean age (y)	Time of poststroke	Study design	Current density (mA/cm²)	Session	Stimulation site	Out measure

Kim et al. 2009	10			Crossover	0.04	1	M1	FA
Menezes et al. 2018	20			Crossover	NA	1	M1	Pinch strength
Tahtis et al. 2014	14			Parallel	0.08	1	M1	TUG
Bolognini et al. 2011	14			RCT	0.057	10	M1	FMM
Kwon et al. 2016	20			Crossover	0.08	1	M1	Movement time
Rabadi et al. 2017	16			RCT	0.029	10	M1	ARAT
Pavlova et al. 2017	11			RCT	0.014	40	M1	FMA-UE
Mazzoleni et al. 2017	24			RCT	0.057	30	M1	FMA-UE
Figlewski et al. 2017	44	A: S:	A: 9 (3-35) m S: 7 (3-36) m	RCT	0.043	9	M1	WMFT FAS
Takeuchi et al. 2012	18	A: S:	A: S:	RCT	0.04	NA	M1	Pinch force
Marquez et al. 2017	25			Crossover	0.029	NA	M1	JTT
Straudi et al. 2016	23			RCT	0.029	10	M1	FMA-UE
Kim et al. 2010	18	A: C: S:	A: C: S:	RCT	0.08	10	M1	FMA
Goodwill et al. 2016	15			RCT	0.06	9	M1	MAS
Hesse et al. 2011	95	A: C: S:	A: C: S:	RCT	0.057	30	M1	FMM
Allman et al. 2016	24			RCT	0.029	9	M1	FMA-UE
Triccas et al. 2015	22			RCT	0.029	18	M1	FMA
Fleming et al. 2017	24			Crossover	0.04	1	M1	JTT
Sattler et al. 2015	20			RCT	0.034	5	M1	JHFT
Saeys et al. 2015	31			Crossover	0.043	16	M1	The Tinetti test
Picelli et al. 2015	20	A: S:	A: S:	RCT	0.057	10	M1	6MWT
Chang et al. 2015	24			RCT	0.28	10	M1	FMA-LE
Ang et al. 2015	19			RCT	NA	10	M1	FMM
Fusco et al. 2014	16			Crossover	0.043	1	M1	9HPT velocity
Sohn et al. 2013	11			Crossover	0.08	1	M1	Isometric peak torque for knee extensor
Geroin et al. 2011	20	A: S:	A: S:	RCT	0.043	10	M1	10MWT
Fusco et al. 2014	11			RCT	0.043	10	M1	FMA-UE/6MWT
Klomjai et al. 2018	19			Crossover	0.057	1	M1	FTSTS
Hamoudi et al. 2018	36	A: S:	A: S:	RCT	0.04	5	M1	JTT

A: anodal tDCS; S: sham tDCS; C: cathodal tDCS; : analyzed sample size; FA: finger acceleration; TUG: time up and go; FMM: upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Motor Score; ARAT: Action Research Arm Test; FMA-UE/LE: Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper/lower extremity; WMFT-FAS: Wolf Motor Function Test-Functional Ability Scale; JTT: Jebsen Taylor Test; MAS: Motor Assessment Scale; JHFT: the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test; 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; 9HPT: the 9-hole peg test; 10MWT: 10-minute walking test; FTSTS: Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand; NA: not mentioned. All data are shown as the or median (range).