NADPH Oxidase 2-Mediated Insult in the Auditory Cortex of Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Figure 8

Schematic diagram of auditory cortex damage induced by T2DM. T2DM induces NOX2 and its corresponding subunits form an active NOX2 complex to promote ROS generation. ROS overproduction induces NVU breakdown and mitochondrial oxidative damage including T-AOC decline and mitochondrial dysfunction (ATP↓ and MMP↓). The impaired mitochondria release Cyt c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytoplasm and induced apoptosis via the caspase 3-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial dysfunction also triggers NUV breakdown. Finally, the neuronal apoptosis and NUV breakdown may lead to AC damage. AC: auditory cortex; Cas 3: caspase 3; Cyt c: cytochrome c; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NOX2: NADPH oxidase 2; NVU: neurovascular unit; ROS: reactive oxygen species; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; T-AOC: total antioxidant capabilities.