Phase-Amplitude Coupling of Neural Oscillations Can Be Effectively Probed with Concurrent TMS-EEG

Figure 1

Experimental design. (a) The EEG electrode layout used in the present study is displayed along with the different stimulation sites. In separate sessions, TMS was applied over the left motor cortex (first row), over the right visual cortex (second row), and as sham stimulation 10 cm above the vertex of the head (third row). (b) Each session contained four blocks of 30 trials each, in which we performed sTMS (first row) as well as 5 Hz, 11 Hz, and 23 Hz rTMS (second row). During rTMS trials, stimulation was delivered in trains of five consecutive pulses.

(a)

(b)