Serum BDNF Levels Are Reduced in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness and Are Not Modified by Verticalization with Robot-Assisted Lower-Limb Training

Table 1

Participants’ details.

Variables	Patients ()	Healthy subjects ()
Males	10 (55.6%)	9 (56.3%)
Females	8 (44.4%)	7 (43.7%)
Age (years)
Time between brain injury and blood sample collection (months)	(range 1–7.3)
Etiology
TBI	8
Cerebral hypoxia	6
Subarachnoid hemorrhage	2
Brainstem hemorrhage	1
Bilateral hemispheric ischemia	1
Disorder of consciousness
UWS (CRS-R score)^a
MCS (CRS-R score)^a

^aCRS-R scores on the day of the blood sample collection. CRS-R: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised; MCS: minimally conscious state; TBI: traumatic brain injury; UWS: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome.