Altered Functional Integration in the Salience and Default Mode Networks in Euthymic Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

Table 1

Comparison of clinical and neuropsychological measurement between the euthymic PBD patients and healthy controls.

	Euthymic PBD	HC	value
Gender (male/female)	7/9	5/11	0.716^a
Age (, years)			0.070^b
Education (, years)			0.152^b
Age of onset (, years)
BD type (I/II)	10/6
Familial history (yes/no)	5/11
Medications
Lithium	6 (38%)
Valproate	11 (69%)
Atypical antipsychotics	13 (81%)
K-SADS-PL comorbidity diagnoses
ADHD	4 (25%)
OCD	1 (6%)
Anxiety	3 (19%)
Tic	1 (6%)
MFQ score ()			0.385^c
IQ ()			0.609^c
YMRS score ()			0.009^c
SCWT-A ()			0.003^c
SCWT-B ()			0.001^c
SCWT-C ()			0.006^c
TMT-A ()			0.004^c
TMT-B ()			0.237^c
DST-F ()			0.758^c
DST-B ()			0.019^c

^aChi-square test; ^btwo-sample -test; ^c two-sample -test controlled by age, gender, and education years. ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DST-B: backward digit span test; DST-F: forward digit span test; HC: healthy controls; IQ: intelligence quotient; K-SASADS-PL: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version; MFQ: Child Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; PBD: pediatric bipolar disorder; SCWT: Stroop Color-Word Test; TMT-A: part A of trail making test; TMT-B: part B of trail making test; YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale.