The Adjustment of Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) to Birdsong Is Phased during Song Learning and Maintenance

<div>Intensity distribution of the synaptic conductance matrix and the corresponding syllable produced. (a) A random synaptic conductance matrix <svg height="12.0653pt" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-3.4294pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 85.3009 12.0653" width="85.3009pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M546 430L539 434C529 434 505 438 495 440C473 444 450 448 430 448C352 448 265 412 213 366C145 306 96 203 96 103C96 22 135 -12 160 -12C190 -12 238 14 262 32C310 68 368 120 411 184H413C403 117 396 75 384 21C353 -118 325 -158 291 -184C270 -200 241 -205 208 -205C133 -205 90 -164 74 -110C70 -98 58 -100 49 -107C34 -119 23 -140 23 -155C23 -190 74 -261 166 -261C219 -261 280 -233 314 -208C383 -157 446 -79 470 81C491 223 529 388 546 430ZM456 386C452 357 433 283 420 252C402 216 366 174 325 129C288 88 239 56 212 56C192 56 182 77 182 120C182 165 199 242 226 292C256 348 281 377 311 389C327 395 353 402 375 402C408 402 436 394 456 386Z"></path></g><g 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615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,68.232,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,73.792,3.132)"><path d="M631 18C609 24 585 35 559 65C534 91 514 117 478 169C448 214 406 281 389 313C462 346 516 399 516 485C516 545 490 590 449 616C412 641 363 650 290 650H42V622C120 615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,79.443,3.132)"><path d="M46 650V622C120 617 128 613 128 525V125C128 42 120 34 40 28V0H311V28C221 34 212 39 212 124V281L286 262C297 261 316 261 331 263C429 275 526 338 526 468C526 533 501 579 462 609C422 638 364 650 293 650H46ZM212 559C212 588 215 600 223 606C230 613 251 618 279 618C361 618 430 572 430 464C430 337 350 302 285 302C252 302 225 309 212 314V559Z"></path></g></svg> with each element from 0 to <span class="nowrap"><svg height="9.39034pt" id="M196" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 36.761 9.39034" width="36.761pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M546 430L539 434C529 434 505 438 495 440C473 444 450 448 430 448C352 448 265 412 213 366C145 306 96 203 96 103C96 22 135 -12 160 -12C190 -12 238 14 262 32C310 68 368 120 411 184H413C403 117 396 75 384 21C353 -118 325 -158 291 -184C270 -200 241 -205 208 -205C133 -205 90 -164 74 -110C70 -98 58 -100 49 -107C34 -119 23 -140 23 -155C23 -190 74 -261 166 -261C219 -261 280 -233 314 -208C383 -157 446 -79 470 81C491 223 529 388 546 430ZM456 386C452 357 433 283 420 252C402 216 366 174 325 129C288 88 239 56 212 56C192 56 182 77 182 120C182 165 199 242 226 292C256 348 281 377 311 389C327 395 353 402 375 402C408 402 436 394 456 386Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.072,3.132)"><path d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.043,3.132)"><path d="M631 18C609 24 585 35 559 65C534 91 514 117 478 169C448 214 406 281 389 313C462 346 516 399 516 485C516 545 490 590 449 616C412 641 363 650 290 650H42V622C120 615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.741,3.132)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,25.301,3.132)"><path d="M631 18C609 24 585 35 559 65C534 91 514 117 478 169C448 214 406 281 389 313C462 346 516 399 516 485C516 545 490 590 449 616C412 641 363 650 290 650H42V622C120 615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,30.952,3.132)"><path d="M46 650V622C120 617 128 613 128 525V125C128 42 120 34 40 28V0H311V28C221 34 212 39 212 124V281L286 262C297 261 316 261 331 263C429 275 526 338 526 468C526 533 501 579 462 609C422 638 364 650 293 650H46ZM212 559C212 588 215 600 223 606C230 613 251 618 279 618C361 618 430 572 430 464C430 337 350 302 285 302C252 302 225 309 212 314V559Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> The square in (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.0653pt" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-3.4294pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.3358 12.0653" width="14.3358pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M244 607C244 633 228 655 200 655C166 655 146 618 146 594C146 564 166 546 191 546C221 546 244 574 244 607ZM222 91L209 114C184 94 148 66 133 66C127 66 124 73 130 96L201 370C213 416 211 448 191 448C162 448 88 407 29 352L42 328C73 354 104 371 114 371C120 371 119 365 115 345L53 92C32 5 45 -12 68 -12C103 -12 186 50 222 91Z"></path></g><g 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(b) The corresponding syllables lasting 27.3 ms with its basic frequency between 3 and 6 kHz.</div>

Neural Plasticity

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: The Adjustment of Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) to Birdsong Is Phased during Song Learning and Maintenance 