The Adjustment of Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) to Birdsong Is Phased during Song Learning and Maintenance

<div>Membrane voltages of neurons in the song premotor pathway. Before the song, HVC<sub>RA</sub> neurons are in the polarization state (a), and RA projection neurons oscillate at about 50 Hz (b). At 1.0 s, 1.2 s, and 1.4 s, the first HVC<sub>RA</sub> neuron is stimulated with a DC of 12 mA to simulate song neural activity. During the song, HVC<sub>RA</sub> neurons fire sparsely, and RA projection neurons show burst firing. Besides, it takes almost 65 ms for RA neurons to return to the oscillatory state.</div>

Neural Plasticity

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Figure 5

Figure 5: The Adjustment of Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) to Birdsong Is Phased during Song Learning and Maintenance 